Introduction
Gait refers to the way you walk or ambulate, which is essential for maintaining independence and preventing falls and injuries. Key components of a healthy gait include strength, endurance, range of motion, balance, and coordination. These elements can be negatively affected by various factors such as injuries, neurological disorders (like stroke or traumatic brain injury), orthopedic issues (such as fractures or joint problems), medical conditions (including arthritis), and leg amputation. In the context of rehabilitation, “gait training” encompasses therapies designed to help you regain the ability to walk after an event that impacts your mobility.
Treatment
If you are experiencing gait problems, your physician may refer you to a physical therapist who specializes in gait training. The physical therapist will collaborate with your doctor to develop a personalized treatment plan aimed at achieving your rehabilitation goals. Physical therapy is effective in enhancing strength, endurance, range of motion, balance, and coordination.
During your first evaluation, the physical therapist will assess your limbs, measuring joint mobility and muscle strength. They will evaluate your balance and posture in both sitting and standing positions while also checking for any sores, deformities, or swelling.
It's important to communicate your symptoms, concerns, and specific goals to your therapist. They will inquire about your home and work environment to understand the types of surfaces you navigate and any stairs you may encounter. Based on this information, your therapist will create a tailored treatment plan focused on improving your functional capabilities and fostering independence.
The components of gait training can vary based on your specific condition, its severity, and your personal goals. Typically, therapy will involve a combination of strengthening and stretching exercises. Your therapist may also design custom orthoses or braces to support your ankles during walking. They can guide you on using leg braces or prosthetic devices as needed, and provide walking aids like canes or walkers to enhance balance.
Having both a physical therapist and an occupational therapist conduct a home assessment can be beneficial. They will evaluate your ability to navigate your living space and offer suggestions for safe ambulation, such as eliminating cords or throw rugs that could pose a tripping hazard. An occupational therapist can recommend durable medical equipment, like a bedside commode, to support your independence as your functional abilities improve. As you progress, your physical therapist will adjust your rehabilitation program to reflect your developing skills and goals.
