Introduction
Hip resurfacing is a surgical procedure designed to alleviate pain and restore mobility in individuals suffering from arthritis or other hip-related conditions. Unlike conventional total hip replacements, which involve removing the bones in the joint, hip resurfacing preserves the bone by replacing its surface with smooth metal. This technique conserves bone and is generally considered less invasive than total hip replacement. It is particularly suited for younger, active individuals. Most patients who undergo hip resurfacing experience significant improvement and can return to their previous activities, free from hip pain.
Anatomy
The hip joint functions as a ball-and-socket connection. The upper end of the thigh bone (femur) has a ball-like structure known as the femoral head, which fits into a cup-shaped cavity called the acetabulum, located in the pelvis. This socket securely holds the ball in place while allowing for a range of motion. Smooth cartilage lines the surfaces of these bones, cushioning their ends and facilitating effortless movement.
Causes
Arthritis is a leading cause of hip joint pain and stiffness. It can develop due to various factors such as aging, wear and tear, previous injuries, diseases, and structural abnormalities of the hip. As arthritis progresses, it can erode the protective cartilage, resulting in painful bone-on-bone contact.
Symptoms
The primary symptom of advanced hip arthritis is pain, which may manifest in the hip, groin, thigh, buttock, or sometimes even the knee. This pain can occur during physical activity or at rest and may disrupt sleep. Additionally, individuals may experience stiffness in the hip, difficulty lifting their leg, and limitations in daily activities like walking, climbing stairs, and bending.
Diagnosis
To diagnose arthritis, your doctor will review your medical history and perform a physical examination, including inquiries about your symptoms and pain levels. They will assess muscle strength, joint movement, and hip alignment. Blood tests may help identify the specific type of arthritis. X-rays will be used to evaluate bone condition and detect signs of arthritis or abnormal bone growths such as cysts or spurs. If necessary, your doctor may recommend advanced imaging techniques like MRI scans or bone scans, which provide more detailed views of the hip joint.
Treatment
As arthritis advances, conservative treatments like medication, rest, and physical therapy may become ineffective. If you're considering hip resurfacing, it's essential to consult with your doctor to determine if you're a suitable candidate. Generally, younger and more active individuals are preferred candidates for this procedure. Women under 55 and men under 65 typically meet the ideal criteria, while older adults or those with certain arthritis types may not be eligible.
Surgery
Hip resurfacing is performed as an inpatient procedure under anesthesia. The surgeon makes an incision to access the hip joint, removes the damaged cartilage from the femoral head, and prepares it for resurfacing. The acetabulum is also prepared in a similar manner. The new socket component is placed, and the resurfacing cap is affixed to the femur. After the surgery, the incision is closed, and a drainage tube may be inserted to remove excess fluids.
Recovery
Post-surgery, you will likely spend a short time in the hospital. Rehabilitation begins the day after surgery with walking assistance using crutches. You may be referred to physical therapy for low-impact exercises aimed at strengthening the hip. Your doctor will progressively increase your activity levels and guide you on resuming sports as you recover. Each recovery process is unique, so your physician will provide specific expectations for your healing journey.
Prevention
The first 6 to 12 months after hip resurfacing are critical for healing as the bone grows and stabilizes. During this period, it's crucial to avoid heavy lifting, squatting, jogging, twisting motions, and high-impact sports to prevent injury. Your doctor will advise you on when it's safe to resume driving and sexual activity. If you experience any pain or swelling during recovery, contact your surgeon promptly.
