Hip Fracture – ORIF

The hip joint is a ball-and-socket structure. The pelvis has a cup-shaped socket called the acetabulum, which holds the upper part of the thigh bone (femur) and allows for a wide range of movement. The femur, known as the strongest bone in the body, has a rounded top called the femoral head, which fits into the acetabulum. The femoral neck connects the femoral head to the shaft of the femur, which extends down the leg. The hip joint supports the weight of the upper body and enables leg movements such as walking, running, and climbing.

Hip fractures occur when trauma causes the upper part of the femur to break. Falls are the most prevalent cause, especially in older adults, with risk factors including age and gender. Women are at a higher risk than men due to differences in bone density, particularly after menopause. Many hip injuries result from falls on level surfaces rather than from higher falls, often caused by weakened reflexes and balance in older individuals. Medications that affect balance and certain medical conditions, such as Parkinson’s disease or arthritis, can also increase the risk of falls.

If you experience a hip fracture, you will likely feel intense pain that worsens with movement. You may be unable to stand or bear weight on the affected leg, which may also appear shorter or turned outward. Immediate medical attention is essential if you suspect a hip fracture.

A healthcare provider will diagnose a hip fracture through a physical examination and by reviewing the circumstances of the injury. X-rays are the primary imaging tool used to confirm the fracture and assess its location. In some cases, an MRI may be necessary for a detailed evaluation.

Surgical intervention is typically required to treat hip fractures, although very few cases may be managed non-surgically. Surgery is crucial for most individuals, and it is typically performed as soon as the patient is stable.

The type of surgical procedure depends on the fracture's location. Most surgeries are conducted in a hospital setting under general or spinal anesthesia. Surgeons will realign the broken bones and use internal fixators to stabilize the hip. Common procedures include open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) and hemiarthroplasty, where the femoral head may be replaced with an artificial component.

Recovery from hip surgery varies among individuals. Typically, the healing process takes about six to eight weeks, although complete recovery may extend beyond that. Patients will often use assistive devices such as walkers or crutches and may receive guidance from physical and occupational therapists to regain strength and balance.