Introduction
Clavicle fractures are among the most prevalent orthopedic injuries, particularly in infants and young children. The clavicle, commonly known as the collarbone, is a long bone situated at the top of the chest. These fractures typically occur due to trauma. Fortunately, most clavicle fractures heal without the need for surgical intervention. In cases where surgery is required, the bone is stabilized using surgical hardware, such as plates and screws.
Anatomy
The clavicle is a long bone located at the upper chest and plays a crucial role in forming the shoulder joint. It provides stability during arm movements and is not fully ossified until the late teens or early twenties, making it particularly susceptible to fractures in younger individuals.
Causes
The primary cause of clavicle fractures is trauma, which can result from a significant impact to the shoulder area, such as in a motor vehicle accident, a fall, or contact sports. In newborns, a fractured clavicle may occur due to a challenging delivery.
Symptoms
Individuals may experience a snapping sound followed by immediate pain when the clavicle fractures. The pain often intensifies with movement and is usually accompanied by bruising and swelling. If the fracture causes the bone to shift out of position, a noticeable bump may form under the skin, and the shoulder may appear slumped forward and downward.
Diagnosis
If you suspect a clavicle fracture, it's crucial to seek medical attention promptly. A doctor will assess your medical history and perform a physical examination. X-rays will typically be taken to determine the fracture's location and severity.
Treatment
Most clavicle fractures are effectively treated using slings or figure-eight splints. A sling supports the arm and positions the shoulder to promote healing, while a figure-eight splint wraps around the front of the shoulders and crosses in the back, maintaining proper shoulder alignment. Pain relief is managed with over-the-counter or prescription medications, and rehabilitation therapy may be recommended to restore strength and mobility following splinting or surgery.
Surgery
While the majority of clavicle fractures do not require surgical intervention, there is ongoing debate regarding the need for surgery in certain cases. Recent studies suggest that patients who did not undergo surgery may experience long-term complications. Your doctor will discuss the advantages of both surgical and non-surgical options with you. Surgery may be indicated for fractures that do not heal properly, those that have resulted in broken bones piercing the skin, or fractures that pose a risk to surrounding nerves, blood vessels, or soft tissues. The surgical procedure involves realigning the bone and securing it in place with hardware, which may be removed post-healing, depending on the situation.
Recovery
The recovery timeline for clavicle fractures varies based on individual circumstances, including age. Children typically heal within three weeks, while adults may take four to six weeks. Most individuals can expect to return to their full activity levels within approximately 12 weeks.
