Introduction
An extensor tendon injury happens when the tendon is torn, cut, or detached. Extensor tendons are located at the back of your fingers and thumbs, allowing them to straighten and perform precise movements. These injuries can result from trauma, burns, or arthritis, leading to pain, swelling, and loss of movement. Treatment options include splinting, hand therapy, and in some cases, surgery if the tendon is severely damaged.
Anatomy
Your hand consists of many bones, ligaments, tendons, nerves, and blood vessels. The extensor tendons start in your forearm and extend to the back of your fingers and thumb. As they reach your fingers, these tendons become flat and thin, lying just beneath the skin and attaching to the bones (phalanges). They allow your fingers and thumbs to straighten and perform delicate tasks.
Causes
Extensor tendon injuries can occur due to arthritis, burns, or trauma like cuts and jammed fingers. Specific conditions, such as Boutonniere deformities and mallet finger, are types of extensor tendon injuries. In some cases, the tendon may pull away a small piece of bone, resulting in an avulsion fracture.
Symptoms
Signs of an extensor tendon injury include pain, swelling, and the inability to extend your finger. The affected finger may feel stiff and difficult to move.
Diagnosis
A doctor can diagnose an extensor tendon injury by examining your hand and reviewing your medical history. X-rays may be used to detect any fractures or joint misalignment.
Treatment
Treatment varies depending on the severity of the injury. Non-surgical options, like splinting and hand therapy, are often recommended. Splinting helps the tendon heal in the correct position, and it’s crucial not to remove the splint during the healing process. In some cases, a dynamic splint may be used to allow movement while protecting the tendon.
Surgery
For more severe cases, surgery may be required to repair the tendon. Surgeons can stitch the ends of a torn tendon together or, in rare cases, tighten or graft the tendon to restore function.
Recovery
Recovery from an extensor tendon injury can take several months, and it often involves hand therapy to regain strength and flexibility. Therapy helps prevent stiffness in your fingers and supports healing. Your doctor will guide you through the recovery process based on your individual needs.
