Introduction
A flexor tendon injury involves a tear or rupture of the tendons on the palm side of the fingers and thumbs, which enable bending and grasping motions. These tendons connect finger joints to forearm muscles and are essential for coordinated hand movements. Injuries typically result from cuts, trauma, or conditions like rheumatoid arthritis, causing pain, swelling, and loss of motion. Surgical repair followed by splinting and hand therapy is often required.
Anatomy
The hand contains many bones, ligaments, and tendons that support wrist and finger movement. The finger and thumb bones (phalanges) are joined by ligaments, while tendons link muscles to bones to facilitate movement. Flexor tendons run from the forearm to the palm side of each finger and thumb. Guided by fibrous pulleys, they enable bending and gripping actions. Nerves run alongside these tendons, providing sensation to the fingers.
Causes
Flexor tendon injuries are often caused by deep cuts or sports activities like football, wrestling, and rock climbing. Rheumatoid arthritis can also lead to tendon rupture. Though outward injuries may seem minor, tendon damage is frequently complex, involving both tendons and nerves.
Symptoms
Flexor tendon injuries can lead to pain, swelling, and reduced finger mobility. Often, bending the finger is difficult or impossible, and numbness may occur if nearby nerves are damaged.
Diagnosis
Diagnosis involves a medical history review and physical examination of the hand and fingers. Doctors assess joint movement, sensation, and blood flow and may use X-rays to check for bone injuries.
Treatment
Flexor tendon injuries generally require surgical intervention for healing, as the tendon ends retract and cannot reconnect naturally without surgery.
Surgery
Surgical methods vary based on the injury type. During surgery, the ends of the tendon are stitched together, and any additional injuries to nerves, vessels, or bones are addressed. Following surgery, a splint helps protect the hand and promote healing.
Recovery
Recovery from flexor tendon surgery includes hand therapy to restore strength, flexibility, and function. Recovery varies by injury and surgical repair specifics, but full motion is rarely regained. Splinting typically continues for six weeks, and complete healing may take up to three months, with your doctor guiding expectations based on your specific injury.
